Firstly, we would like to thank you for purchasing Ibble WordPress theme and chosen it for your website. We outline all kinds of good information, and provide you with all the details you need to use the WordPress theme.
If you are unable to find your answer here in our documentation, feel free to ask for help from our support team, all you have to do is submitting a ticket via our Support Ticket system or email us: [email protected].
If you like this theme, Please support us by rating us 5 stars (How to rate?)
The instruction is to help you with installation of the Ibble theme.
Purchase Ibble template from ThemeForest then you can download our template package on there.
Extract package that include all files and folders of theme. When done, you should see ibble_theme.zip (zip file name can be changed from version to version).
Once the download is complete, unzip the file and you would see the following packages:
When selecting a hosting service, you should check to see that these server requirements are provided and installed on their web servers:
There are 2 ways to install a WordPress theme.
Installing a WordPress theme is super easy, you’ll see our video guide:
- Step 1: Navigate to Appearance → Themes in your WordPress admin dashboard.
- Step 2: Click the Add New button at the top of the page and go for the Upload option.
- Step 3: Choose ibble_theme.zip then click Install
- Step 4: Wait while the theme is uploaded and installed then activate the theme.
Many users are on shared hosting with low upload limits, and in such situations the Ibble theme is often too large to install through WordPress. We suggest you should upload it via FTP.
If you don't know how to use FTP visit this link for information: http://codex.WordPress.org/FTP_Clients . You will need to first uncompress the PACKAGE-theme.zip file you have found in the master zip downloaded from Themeforest. This zip uncompresses into a normal folder. This unzipped folder is all you need to transfer via ftp and if you open it, you will see all sorts of folders and css and php files which together contain all the theme coding.
Using the FTP program transfer this folder which contains the above files to the WordPress installation theme root directory: /wp-content/themes.
Do not upload any of the other files or folders such as licensing or resource or documentation. Uploading any of the other folders may cause problems resulting in the theme not working properly. Learn from WordPress Official Documentation about installing theme with FTP client or with cPanel: http://codex.WordPress.org/Using_Themes
After completing the upload, activate the theme as per activating any other theme.
Goto your Dashboard >> Appearance >> Themes >> Activate Ibble template
Follow the instruction from the image below:
a. The “Broken theme and/or stylesheets missing” error is most common when you install or activate a new theme.
If you get an error saying that the stylesheet is missing, then you have uploaded the wrong folder. Please check that you are uploading the ibble_theme.zip within the Theme Files folder. You have to unzip the package file that you download from Themeforest to find this.
b. Problems with uploading via WP admin panel due Upload limit.
You may check your file upload limit on Your Media Uploader page in WordPress. Depending upon the web hosting company and the conditions of the service they provide it may vary. The most common is about 8 MB which is more or less enough. But uploading some media files like audio and video may become a problem with for example 2 MB upload limit.
We decided to share some tips about how to extend your maximum file upload size in WordPress:
1. Through functions.php file:
You may add the below mentioned code in the functions.php
file of your theme
@ini_set( 'upload_max_size' , '64M' );
@ini_set( 'post_max_size', '64M');
@ini_set( 'max_execution_time', '300' );
2. Through PHP.INI file:
If you cannot see the php.ini file in your directory create the new one with below mentioned code and upload it to your root folder on your web server.
If you can see the php.ini file then change parameters or add :
upload_max_filesize = 64M
post_max_size = 64M
max_execution_time = 300
In case that tip does not work with 64MB, try it with 10MB.
3. Through .htaccess method
You may try modifying the existing .htaccess file in the root directory or creating a new one.
Add the following code in the existing or new .htacess
file:
php_value upload_max_filesize 64M
php_value post_max_size 64M
php_value max_execution_time 300
php_value max_input_time 300
You can reset all of the setting for the each page on our custom panel by clicking “Reset” button on the bottom.
Right after the theme was activated, a notification at the top of the screen will suggest to continue with the installation of the plugins recommended for getting the best our of your theme.
Follow the installation steps below:
Step 1. Click ‘Begin installing plugins‘ and select the plugins you need to install from the list.
Step 2: Select all plugins then choose Install , Click Apply to install all plugins
Step 3: After Installing all Plugins, select Activate then click Apply to active all plugins.
Follow our video guide to know more :
Step 1 :Install Data Demo
Opal Team very happy to provide for customer a new function to import data more quickly. It is "One click import"
With "One click import", customer do not import step by step data as import usual. It import all data like : Content, Widget, Revolution slider, Menu, Customize...
One click import data
Before installing data demo, you need setting up image sizes.
How to set up image size for WooCommerce
These settings affect the actual dimensions of your product images in the shop pages. You can skip this step in case you’re starting a new website and your WordPress installation is fresh, but if you’re switching from another theme and you already have products in your store, you need to make sure the WooCommerce image sizes are the correct ones for your newly installed theme.
a. Navigate to Customize → Woocommerce → Product images and find the “Product Image Sizes ” section at the bottom of the page.
Update those values with the following this image for Ibble theme.
b. If your site has image with another size. To see the changes after you update the image sizes, you need to re-generate the images by using Regen.Thumbnails Plugin
- Go to Plugins Tab then search and install Regen.Thumbnails plugin
- Navigating to Tools → Regen.Thumbnails then re-generate your images
Another, please go to Setting-->> Timetable and input "Events post type configuration" before import data, it will not lost data in event
To use it make sure file of your theme have to "import" folder in "inc" folder like this:
Go to Dashboard -> WPOPAL -> Import Demos . You can see " Get demo from live server", please click in "Ibble sample" :
1. Demo Soure : Choose name of demo to import .
2.Import Type : Choose name of type to import ( choose All or chose one of types to import)
File to import all data is : content.xml.
Click "Import" and popup is displayed, click "OK" to continue import data
When import has been imported it will display popup : "Import is successful"
Follow our video guide to know more :
Or You can import data by tool of WordPress.
Importing The Demo Data - XML File
The Ibble theme comes with importable demo data, such as pages, products, blog, posts, portfolio items, etc, to help you get started in case you’re running on a fresh WordPress installation.
But before import data you should go to "Settings->Permalinks and choose Default in common settings" , you import or export data will not be lost.
Then go to WPOPAL-> Posttypes and enter your settings.
Then go to Visual Composer-> Composer Settings and Enable Visual Composer for pages, posts and custom post types. Click "Save Changes" to save your setting.
How to set up image size for WooCommerce
These settings affect the actual dimensions of your product images in the shop pages. You can skip this step in case you’re starting a new website and your WordPress installation is fresh, but if you’re switching from another theme and you already have products in your store, you need to make sure the WooCommerce image sizes are the correct ones for your newly installed theme.
a. Navigate to WooCommerce → Settings → Products and find the “Product Image Sizes ” section at the bottom of the page.
Update those values with the following this image for Ibble theme.
b. If your site has image with another size. To see the changes after you update the image sizes, you need to re-generate the images by using Regen.Thumbnails Plugin
- Go to Plugins Tab then search and install Regen.Thumbnails plugin
- Navigating to Tools → Regen.Thumbnails then re-generate your images
And go to step by step bellow:
Step 1: From the WordPress admin area go to Tools >> Import and click on the WordPress link.
Step 2: You can import all of our demo by one step
Step 3: Assign Authors
Choose the option to download all data sample file and click Submit. Do not interrupt/cancel the import process!
The importer should be run only once. If something went wrong and you need to import the content again, you may need to reset your WordPress.
Use this plugin to reset the WordPress database : http://WordPress.org/plugins/WordPress-database-reset/
Step 4 :Set a page as Home Page
After import Dummy Data you need to set default Home page for your site, from your WordPress dashboard, navigate to Settings → Reading.
Select “A static page” and choose “Dummy Homepage” as the Front Page.
Save change then Homepage data sample will be set.
Step 5 - Done! But you still need to set the Menu, Widget, Slider. Follow more on bellow
Follow our video guide to know more :
1.If you choose import data by tool of WordPress
From the WordPress admin area go to Revolution Slider >> Import Slider and select Slider file on our package.
2.If you choose import data by one click import
From the WordPress admin area go to Revolution Slider . Revolution slider will be displayed after import data by "One click import".
you can see all slider displayed in here and you can
+ Embed slider.
+Export.
+Delete.
+Duplicate.
+Preview.
+Settings.
+Edit slider.
1.If you choose import data by tool of WordPress
a. Install widget
Go to Admin Panel -> Appearance -> Widgets.
You can see all our widgets, easy to configure by drag and drop Widgets to sidebar.
Then you can use sidebars to position you want. Even you can use sidebar for MegaMenu.
Morever you can search and add more plugins for your purpose by searching on the internet.
Follow our video guide to know more :
b. Install widget by plugin import widget
Go to Admin Panel -> Plugins -> Add new.
You can see board add new plugin, please fill in " import widget" to search plugin.
and go to Tool -> widget importer & exporter then you choose widget to import in your site.
When import finish you can see widget :
2.If you choose import data by one click import
Go to Admin Panel -> Appearance -> Widgets.
You can see all our widgets has been displayed in sidebar.
You can upload your logo image in the Customize. If the logo is not uploaded, then your site name will be used.
Please, follow the steps below to upload your logo:
Step 1 - Login to your WordPress Dashboard.
Step 2 - Go to Appearance > Customize > Site Identity Tab
Step 3 - Upload your logo by clicking on Select Image ( our current Ibble logo is 150px x 50px ).
Step 4- Upload your favicon - should be a 32px x 32px Png/Gif image.
Step 3 - Select Create a new menu at the top of the page.
Step 4 - Enter a name for your new menu in the Menu Name box.
Step 5 - Click the Create Menu button. Your menu is now defined, and you can now add pages to it (steps below).
Step 1 - Locate the pane entitled Pages.
Step 2 - Within this pane, select the View All link to bring up a list of all the currently published Pages on your site. Step 3 - Select the Pages that you want to add by clicking the check box next to each Page's title. Step 4 - Click the Add to Menu button located at the bottom of this pane to add your selection(s) to the menu that you created in the previous step. Step 5 - Click the Save Menu button once you've added all the menu items you want. Your custom menu has now been saved.The Screen Options allow you to choose which items you can use to add to a menu. Certain items, like Posts or Products are hidden by default. The Screen Options are located in the top right corner of your WordPress Dashboard.
Once you've created a menu and filled it with items, it's time to assign it to one of the theme pre-defined locations.
- Go to Appearance > Menus and click Manage Locations.
Menu is assigned after import data by "One click import".
Front end look like
You can quickly build a home page using Visual Composer for WordPress that is drag and drop frontend and backend page builder plugin that will save you tons of time working on the site content. You will be able to take full control over your WordPress site, build any layout you can imagine – no programming knowledge required
From your Dashboard admin Navigate to Pages
- Select All Pages to see all page then click edit one page you want
- Select Add New to create new page
Have you ever used Visual Composer ? Please follow that guide first : Visual Composer guide
Official Plugin Documentation For More information about the Visual Composer check the official documentation.
Watch video about Visual Composer
1. Classic Mode.
You can insert code on table then Home page will be created automatically.
2. Backend Editor Mode
Drag and drop elements you need to build your page layout.
How to use Back End Mode
a. Add and modify Row Layout
Step 1 - Go to your page / post, first activate the backend editor and click Add Element .
Step 2 - Select the Elements you want to use.
Step 3 - Click on the Edit This Row (pencil icon) to Edit the Row element ( in our example we use row with 3 columns filled with text block ) .
Step 4 - To change the Row layout ( number of columns ) you only select a layout or custom to make your own
b. Edit Element
Pencil Icon - To Edit Row, Column or Element you need to click the Pencil icon.
c. Duplicate Element
Pages Icon - To Duplicate Row or Element you need to click the Pages icon.
d. Remove Element
Trash Box Icon - To Remove Row, Column or Element you need to click the Trash Box icon.
e. Copy Element
Copy Icon - To Copy Row, Element you need to click the Copy icon.
f. Add Element to top of this column
Add Icon - To add element to top of this column you need to click the Add icon.
g. About Row / Column / Custom heading / Text Block Design options
Design Options - When you edit row / column / custom heading / text block Element, you can edit the design options
Row / Custom Heading / Text Block element have a default Bottom Margin of 30 pixel, you may want to set it to 0 if you don't want to have bottom space
It is Good to add bottom Padding to your Column, so they will looks good on mobile
Left and Right Margin should NEVER be modified, please left blank
For Row Element the Left and Right Padding should also NEVER be modified, please left blank
a. Page Attributes
You can select page attributes on right sidebar of page admin layout. Each Page templates have each styles
b. Page configure default template
For each page you can change the page layout style, header skin, footer skin and much more! Check the screenshot and read the documentation to see how it works
Ibble has 3 headers for theme
1. Header1
2. Header2
3. Header3
Ibble come with more than 4 home page layouts. Please check out landing page to know more and build your home page you need.
1. Home default
2. Home 2
3. Home 3
4. Home 4
Step 1 - Go to Settings > Reading in your WordPress Dashboard panel.
Step 2 - Set "Front page displays" to a "Static Page".
Step 3 - In the drop down menu for "Front Page" choose a page which will be your home page.
Step 4 - Leave the drop down menu for "Posts page" empty, as this is not used by the theme.
Step 5 - Save changes.
Step 1 - Log in to your WordPress Administration Panel (Dashboard)
Step 2 - Click the 'Posts' tab.
Step 3 - Click the 'Add New' sub-tab.
Step 4 - Start filling in the blanks: enter your post title in the upper field, and enter your post body content in the main post editing box below it.
Step 5 - As needed, select a category, add tags, post format, fill in the meta settings below the editor.
Step 6 - Upload a featured image for your Post.
Step 7 - Select Post Format. You can create blog post with a lot of Formats like link, gallery, image ..... Select format on Format box from in right sidebar
Step 8 - Scroll down until you see the Format setting box, there you will be able to customize the post.
Step 9 - When your post is ready, click Publish.
Navigate to Posts → All Posts
You can see all informations of you blog post, add new, edit or delete them.
Front end look like :
Step 1 - From your admin Dashboard navigate to : Apperance > Customize > Blog
Step 2 - Set up Archive & Category Setting.
You can set Global (default) layout for archive blog page and category blog post then select content sidebar to display
Step 3 - Set up Single Post Setting
Step 1 - From admin Dashboard, navigate to Footer > Add Profile Footer
Step 2 - Using Visual Composer backend editor mode then add element to your Footer
Step 3 - Build your footer style with unlimited layout
Footer layouts for you.
Footer default.
Front end look like :
Visual Element Layout setting
Footer 1.
Front end look like :
Visual Element Layout setting
Footer 2.
Front end look like :
Visual Element Layout setting
Step 4 - After create your footer profile. Navigate to : Apperance > Customize > Theme And Layout Setting.
Choose your footer for page.
*********** If you want specific Footer for one of your pages. Please go to your page configuration. Select Footer version you want to display only on that page.
Step 1 - Log in to your WordPress Administration Panel (Dashboard)
Step 2 - Click the 'Opal Teachers' tab.
Step 3 - Click the 'Categories' sub-tab.
Step 4 - Start filling in the blanks: enter your name and slug, choose parent if you want and enter desciption for Categories.
Step 5 - When this Categories is ready, please click button "Add New Teacher Category"
Step 1 - Log in to your WordPress Administration Panel (Dashboard).
Step 2 - Click the 'Opal Teachers' tab.
Step 3 - Click the 'Add New' sub-tab.
Step 4 - Start filling in the blanks: enter your Teacher title in the upper field, and enter your Teacher body content in the main Teacher editing box below it.
Step 5 - As needed, select a Categories.
Step 6 - Upload a featured image for your Teacher.
Step 7 - Scroll down until you see the Option Settings box, there you will be able to customize the Teacher.
Enter option of this Teacher:
Front-end look like:
Step 1 - Log in to your WordPress Administration Panel (Dashboard)
Step 2 - Click the 'Opal Teachers' tab.
Step 3 - Click the 'Setting' sub-tab.
Step 4 - In General tab , Please enter config for teacher.
Step 6 - When all ready, please click button "Save Setting".
Step 1 - Log in to your WordPress Administration Panel (Dashboard)
Step 2 - Click the 'Class' tab.
Step 3 - Click the 'Categories' sub-tab.
Step 4 - Start filling in the blanks: enter your name and slug, choose parent if you want and enter desciption for Categories.
Step 5 - When this Categories is ready, please click button "Add New Category
Step 1 - Log in to your WordPress Administration Panel (Dashboard).
Step 2 - Click the 'Class' tab.
Step 3 - Click the 'Add New' sub-tab.
Step 4 - Start filling in the blanks: enter your Class title in the upper field, and enter your Class body content in the main Class editing box below it.
Step 5 - As needed, select a Categories.
Step 6 - Upload a featured image for your Class.
Step 7 - Scroll down until you see the Options box, there you will be able to customize the Class.
Enter option of this Class:
Specially, In option can change color for timetable, if you want to change color, please click to box and choose like this:
ColorIn General setting:
Please choose teacher, Age Group and Class Size:
Set up Extra Info of Class:
Set up Event Hours of Class:
Step 8 - When your Class is ready, click Publish.
Step 1 - Log in to your WordPress Administration Panel (Dashboard)
Step 2 - Click the 'Timetable Columns' tab.
Step 3 - Click the 'Add New' sub-tab.
Step 4 - Start filling in the blanks: enter your name and slug.
Step 5 - When this Timetable is ready, please click button "Update"
Step 1 - Log in to your WordPress Administration Panel (Dashboard) .
Step 2 - Click the 'Setting' tab.
Step 3 - Click the 'Timetable' sub-tab.
Step 4 - You will see a form to set up config in timetable.
Specially, If you want to timetable setting is work, please go to "Edit Page Timetable" on homepage .
Then , you will see a code of page and copy it.
Next, go to setting ->> Timetable in Dashboard ->> Paste this code in form :
Next step, please config option in this form to display in front-end .
When it's ready, please click to button Save
Finally, Copy code in:
Then, go to page that you edit and paste code in there ->> click to button "Update"
Now, go to front-end to check your change :
With config :
If you change config in there, it will display in front-end like that :
Step 6 - In Fonts tab, Please choose option to config font of timetable.
Step 1: Go to Testimonial from Dashboard then create content of Testimonials
Step 2: Drag PBR Testimonial elements by using Visual Composer on page you want to display testimonials.
You can choose some setting like title, skin ....
With Visual Composer you can create Parallax Sections
Step 1: From your admin dashboard. Go to Page
Step 2 : Click on the Edit This Row (pencil icon) beside row you want to make it become Parallax Sections.
Step 3: In General Tab, select option Parallax
Step 4: In Design options tab, ADD padding and REMOVE margin for better result, add a Background Image change to Cover and then Saves changes
Step 5: - Update or Publish your page and you should now have a section with parallax background
Step 1: Go to Brands from Dashboard then create Brands
Step 2: Drag PBR Brands elements by using Visual Composer on page you want to display testimonials.
You can choose some setting like title, number of brands ....
We are using MailChimp for WP plugin for Newsletter subscribe. You can read more about MailChimp from here
Follow that step below to help you can collect email of subscribers.
Step 1 - Signup for Mailchimp account then create your lists to collect email
Step 2 - Install and active plugin MailChimp for WP
Step 3 - Navigate to MailChimp for WP > MailChimp then connect with your mailchimp account you created from step 1
Step 4 - Create mailchimp form to collect email. Navigate to Forms
Import HTML Code below on section Form mark-up Source
Source :
<div class="form-style-1"> <input id="mc4wp_email" class="form-control" name="EMAIL" required="required" type="email" placeholder="Your Email " /> <div class="wrap-btn"> <button class="btn-default btn" type="submit">sign up<i class="fa fa-check" aria-hidden="true"></i></button> </div> </div>
Step 5 - After creating from of your plugin. You must set position where you want to display.
Going Appearance -> Widgets then drag mailchimp widget to Newsletter Sidebar. You can bring that sidebar to every position you want. ( You can drag to left, right sidebar for each page. You can drag to Footer position.... )
Make sure you install and active Contact Form 7 plugin to continue reading.
Step 1 - Log in to your WordPress Dashboard, go to Contact > Add New
Step 2 - Give a Name to your form and change Mail Info
Step 3 - Edit the Form field to change the Form Layout.
Ibble Theme use Customizer provides an ultra effective and intuitive way to customize theme layout & setting with real-time preview. Bring all of settings to customizer, you do not need to using another theme option anymore
To access Customizer go to your admin Dashboard Navigate to Appearance >> Customize
1. Fonts Customizer : Add and use google web fonts to any themes
2. General Setting : Manage general setting like your Site title,breadcrumb background, copyright, ....
3. Theme And Layout Setting: select your header style, footer style for global
4. Site indentity : Set up logo and favicon.
5. Color : Set up color for site.
6. Social Sharing Setting: select social channel apperance to sharing
7. Header image : create customize image for breadcrumb and title section
8. WooCommerce : manage setting of WooCommerce function
9. Blog & post : manage global setting for Blog
10. Menu:manage setting of Menu
The easiest way to translate theme to the language of your choice is to use "WPML" plugin.
- To begin, be sure you have the WPML Plugin installed and activated, along with the WPML String Translation plugin.
- To set up WPML the first time, follow their Getting Started Guide.To begin translating, select WPML (in the Dashboard menu) -> String Translation. You should see a list of the strings in the theme (there should be only four), with blue translation links to the right. Click these links to reveal the list of languages you use on your blog and the associated translations.
- How to set and translate main features of the theme
- How to scan strings coming from the theme
- How to translate strings using String Translation
- If adjustment is needed for WPML language switcher please also add this
- If you need more help with WPML plugin. Please go WPML Forum
a. Update Theme via WordPress
Updating the theme via WordPress is very similar to the install process via WordPress. Make sure you had backup all of your customization in our theme.
Follow the steps below to update your theme via WordPress:
Step 1 - Download latest theme package on ThemeForest
Step 2 - Log into your WordPress Dashboard.
Step 3 - Go to Appearance > Themes.
Step 4 - Deactivate the Ibble Theme by simply activating a different theme. Once you activate a different theme, you can delete the Ibble theme.
Step 5 - Delete the Ibble Theme. Do not worry, your content will not be lost!
Step 6 - Then simply upload the newest “ibble_theme.zip” file in the Appearance > Themes section. Click on the Install Themes tab at the top and choose to upload the zip file. You have this step explained in section: Theme Installation via WordPress.
b. Update theme via FTP
Updating the theme via FTP is very similar to the install process via FTP.
Follow the steps below to update your theme via FTP:
Step 1 - Go to .../wp-content > themes location on your server using a FTP client and backup your "Ibble" theme folder by saving it to your computer, or you can choose to simply delete it. Your content will not be lost.
Step 2 - Download the new version of Ibble theme from your Themeforest and retrieve Ibble folder by unpacking the zip that you download from Themeforest and ibble_theme.zip.
Step 3 - Then simply drag and drop the new "Ibble" theme folder into .../wp-content > themes location. Choose to “Replace” the current one if you did not delete it.
Step 4 - Log into your WordPress Dashboard, go to Appearance > Themes and activate the new Ibble theme.
What is a Child Theme?
A child theme is a theme that inherits the functionality of another theme, called the parent theme. Child themes allow you to modify, or add to the functionality of that parent theme. A child theme is the best, safest, and easiest way to modify an existing theme, whether you want to make a few tiny changes or extensive changes. Instead of modifying the theme files directly, you can create a child theme and override within.
Why use a Child Theme?
if you modify an existing theme and it is updated, your changes will be lost. With a child theme, you can update the parent theme (which might be important for security or functionality) and still keep your changes. It’s a great way to get started if you are just learning WordPress theme development.
Follow that documentation to create Child Theme Child Themes - Codex
Using that plugin to create Child Theme : One Click Child Theme
If you think your website takes too much time to load maybe you should.
In case you cannot see the Registration Form on the My Account page or checkout page, it means you need to enable it.
You can find this setting by navigating to WooCommerce >> Settings.
Open Account Tab In the Registration section, make sure the" Enable registration on the "Checkout" page" and “Enable registration on the “My Account” page” options is checked.
This is what you should be seeing on your screen:
In WooCommerce, you can define product attributes, such as size or color, to use be used as product options.
Start by navigating to Products → Attributes.
For example an attribute could be “Size“. Then you need to Configure its terms. Those would be “Small, Medium, Large“.
Once defined, these global attributes can be assigned to your variable products.
If you are unable to find your answer here in our documentation, please take a photo screenshot with description detail about your problem or idea. Send all to email : [email protected] or ticket: https://wpopal.ticksy.com/submit/. Our technical team will check and try their best to help.
Our support covers configuration, building site as demo, trouble using any features, and bug fixes. We don't provide support for customizations or 3rd party extension.
We try our best to monitor the email around the clock, however, this is not always possible due to different time zones. We will try to reply you as fast as we can.
Our working time is 8.00 AM - 5.30 PM, Monday to Friday (GMT+7). So if ask for help in the weekend, you may have to wait a little bit for support and please be patient.